Aleppo, Syria

Kamal—the father of an eight-year-old girl who was fatally wounded, along with her brother Hamed—cries while being treated at a local hospital in a rebel-controlled area of Aleppo. The family was wounded by fire from a regime jet, in an eastern neighborhood of the city.

In July, the rebel Free Syrian Army (FSA) entered Aleppo, Syria’s largest city and commercial capital. Rebel-held neighborhoods, initially in southwest Aleppo and later throughout the city, became battlefields, as government forces attempted to regain control.

Both rebel and regime forces deployed snipers, and the national army made use of heavy artillery and air power to bombard occupied areas. A UN-brokered ceasefire in late October was not honored by either side, and casualties rose steeply in November.